Responding to The Digitalization Challenges of PT. Pos Indonesia By Increasing The Role of Compensation and Motivation in Driving Employee Performance

Authors

  • Candra Setiawan Universitas Widyatama Author
  • Yenny Maya Dora Universitas Widyatama Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25134/fyr05464

Keywords:

Compensation, Work Motivation, Employee Performance

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of compensation on employee performance with work motivation as a mediating variable at the Head Office of PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) in facing the challenges of the industry 4.0 era. The research approach used is quantitative with the path analysis method, supported by data processing using SPSS. The research sample consisted of 186 respondents selected using the Slovin formula from a population of 345 employees. The research instrument was a closed questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale, and its validity and reliability were tested. The results showed that compensation significantly influenced employee motivation and performance, both directly and indirectly. Compensation had a direct effect on motivation with a coefficient of 0.857, and on performance by 0.669. Meanwhile, the indirect effect of compensation on performance through motivation was 0.342. The results of the Sobel test support that motivation is a significant mediating variable. These findings reinforce the importance of strategic and fair compensation design as a tool to encourage organizational productivity and adaptation in digital transformation. This study also reveals the need to strengthen non-financial compensation aspects and develop a work environment that supports intrinsic motivation for the sustainability of organizational performance.

References

Afandi, P. (2021). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. repo.darmajaya.ac.id

Aguinis, H. (2020). Performance Management (5th ed.). Pearson.

Agusradodii, D. A., Febrina, L., Okta Lussian, E., & Susanti, A. R. (2021). The effect of compensation and motivation on employee performance at PT Adicitra Mulyatama in Pekanbaru. HBR Business Review, 1(1), 1–NF.

Andari, S., & Darsin, S. (2017). Motivasi kerja dan kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen dan Bisnis, 4(1), 45–54.

Azmy, A., Noermijati, & Irawanto, D. W. (2025). Effects of motivation, leadership, and culture on performance mediated by job satisfaction in automotive manufacturing. Binus Business Review, 2025.

Becker, B. E., & Huselid, M. A. (2022). Value-based compensation and organizational effectiveness. Academy of Management Perspectives, 36(1), 45-59.

Bolung, R. T., dkk. (2021). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. ejournal.unima.ac.id

Cascio, W. F. (2020). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Chen, X. (2024). Exploring the factors that affect employee performance: Internal and external influences. SHS Web of Conferences, 123, 01038. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202412301038

Chen, Y. (2023). Pay-for-performance positively related to job performance: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1120551. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9897207/

Chong, J. X. Y., & Gagné, M. (2019). Self-determination theory in work motivation. In R. Ryan (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Human Motivation (2nd ed., pp. 425–444). Oxford University Press.

Dessler, G. (2020). Human Resource Management (16th ed.). Pearson.

Dinca, R. (2024). Evaluasi Kinerja Karyawan. repository.unja.ac.id

Faiza Manzoor, Longbao Wei & Muhamad Asif (2021). Intrinsic rewards and employee’s performance with the mediating role of motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(563070).

Fitriani, R. (2022). Manajemen Kompensasi Modern. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.

Freud, S. (1915). Instincts and their vicissitudes. In J. Strachey (Ed. & Trans.), The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 14, pp. 109–140). Hogarth Press.

Hariani, E., & Lutfi, L. (2023). Influence of Compensation and Employment Status on Employee Performance with Work Motivation as a Mediating Variable. Business and Finance Journal, 8(2), 155–169.

Haryono, H., Fitria, H., & Iskandar, I. (2025). Determinants of sustainable employee performance in family businesses in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 18(2), 101–117.

Hasibuan, M. S. P. (2021). Manajemen sumber daya manusia (Edisi Revisi). Bumi Aksara.

Hendri, M. I. (2025). Exploring factors shaping sustainable employee performance: A systematic literature review. Sustainable Business Review, 2(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbr.2025.05.006

Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. B. (1959). The motivation to work (2nd ed.). Wiley.

Irawan, D. A., dkk. (2023). Pengaruh Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. eprints.umm.ac.id

Ivancevich, J. M. (2022). Human Resource Management (14th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. Henry Holt and Company.

Jumarding, A., Saleh, W., & Siti, A. (2025, Juli 30). The effect of work motivation and work discipline on employee performance at CV. HSA Hikma, Surabaya, Indonesia. Dalam Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Accounting, Management, and Economics 2024 (ICAME 2024) (hal. 2822–2827). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-758-8_228

Kanya, N., Handrian, F. A., & Johan, A. (2025). Employee Empowerment Strategy and Strengthening Competence in Improving Employee Performance. Indonesian Journal of Strategic Management, 8(2), 11-20.

Khan, S., & Byers, D. (2021). Flexible compensation models: Balancing organizational and employee needs. Journal of Human Resource Management, 9(2), 101-115.

Kristanto, W. D., Suryoputro, G., & Djamhuri, A. (2024). Exploring key factors affecting employee performance: Evidence from Indonesia’s state-owned port enterprises. ResearchGate.

Kurnia, W., & Mahdani, M. (2025). Influence of work discipline on employee performance with work motivation mediation. Journal of Management Science, 12(1), 70–79.

Lestari, D., & Raharjo, S. (2024). The role of psychosocial safety climate on employee well-being and performance. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1–10.

Liu, X. (2025). Impact of employee compensation structure on company performance: Evidence from China. Journal of Asian Economics, 87, 101727.

Makowska, M., & Karpinska, A. (2024). Factors affecting public sector employee performance: Evidence from Poland. Journal of Public Affairs, 24(2), e2999.

Mangkunegara, A. P. (2015). Perilaku dan budaya organisasi. Remaja Rosdakarya.

Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396.

Mathis, R. L., & Jackson, J. H. (2020). Human Resource Management (15th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Maulana, Y., Damayanti, L. D., & Syafrudin, O. (2022). The Influence of Work Environment and Work Motivation to Employees Work Discipline at PT. Alido Poultry Shop. Indonesian Journal of Business and Economics, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.25134/ijbe.v5i1.6639

McClelland, D. C. (1961). The achieving society. Van Nostrand.

McDougall, W. (1908). An introduction to social psychology. Methuen.

Milkovich, G. T., Newman, J. M., & Gerhart, B. (2019). Compensation (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

MindTools. (n.d.). McClelland’s human motivation theory: Discovering what drives members of your team. Retrieved from

Mondy, R. W., & Martocchio, J. J. (2016). Human Resource Management (14th ed.). Pearson.

Mutmainah, M., Vanchapo, A. R., & Wawo, B. A. M. (2023). Motivasi kerja dan kinerja tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 18(1), 55–63.

Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P. M. (2023). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

Nor, M., Eliyana, A., & Sridadi, A. R. (2023). Factors affecting employee motivation and performance: A literature review. International Journal of Management and Business Research, 13(2), 89–101.

Nugrahaningrum, D. (2024). Employee performance in logistics companies mediated by engagement and green work environment: A Jakarta area study. Frontiers in Sociology, 2024.

Nur’aeni, A., Ausat, A. M., Purnomo, Y. J., & Munir, A. R. (2022). Do motivation, compensation, and work environment improve employee performance? A literature review. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 6(1).

Nusraningrum, D. (2024). Enhancing employee performance through motivation: mediating roles of engagement and green work environment in logistics firms in Jakarta, Indonesia. Frontiers in Sociology, 2024.

Orlova, M. A. (2021). Negative motivation and its consequences for employee performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 36(3), 501–515.

Pradana, E. A., Putri, D. A., & Rahmatika, D. N. (2025). The effect of communication, career development, and organizational culture on employee performance with employee engagement as a mediating variable. International Journal of Economics, Management and Research (IJEMR), 5(2), 122–131.

Pratama, D., & Sari, N. (2023). Kompensasi dan Kinerja Karyawan di Era Digital. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Prokhorova, V. V. (2022). Positive motivation in the workplace: The role of supportive environment and financial rewards. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(1), 44–61.

Putra, S. K., & Kurniawati, D. T. (2024). Job satisfaction as a mediation between motivation and employee performance in Bank Jatim Sharia Business Unit. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 13(5), 187–198.

Rahaman, M. M., Anis, Z., & Rahman, M. M. (2023). Factors affecting employee performance: An empirical study on banking sector. Business: Theory and Practice, 24(2), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2023.18216

Rahmadhon, et al. (2024). The mediating role of work motivation: The effect of leadership, workload and reward on employee performance. Focus Manajemen Bisnis Journal, 14(2), 190–208.

Rahman, A. (2025). Empirical evidences from the logistics industry in Indonesia: Competence, motivation, and employee performance. Jurnal Akuntansi, Sains dan Aplikasi (JASA), 7(2), 89–97.

Rasyid, A., & Andayani, S. (2024). The influence of work motivation and work discipline on employee performance at the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia. East African Scholars Journal of Economics, Business and Management, 7(5), 99–106.

Rerung, L. E. (2024). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. ejurnal.stie-trianandra.ac.id

Rivai, V. (2017). Manajemen sumber daya manusia untuk perusahaan: Dari teori ke praktik (Edisi Keempat). RajaGrafindo Persada.

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2018). Organizational behavior (18th ed.). Pearson.

Sekarini, R. A., Widyaningsih, R., Khairani, H., & Dirgantara, D. (2023). Job satisfaction, motivation, and leadership style on employee performance at the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Jurnal Kesehatan, 6(2), 149–158.

Setiawan, R., Vidada, I. A., Hadi, S. S., & Zhafiraah, N. R. (2024). Examining the impact of work discipline and motivation on employee performance. Human Capital and Organizations (HCO), 1(2), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.60079/hco.v1i2.169

Shore, L. M., Cleveland, J. N., & Sanchez, D. (2023). Inclusive compensation: Practices and impact. Human Resource Management Review, 33(2), 1-14.

Snape, E., & Redman, T. (2024). Skill-based pay and employee development: Recent trends. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 14(1), 22-39.

Snell, S., & Bohlander, G. (2023). Principles of Human Resource Management (19th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Stanford, E. (2015). Motivation in the workplace. Academic Press.

Sumarjo, S., Wicaksono, I., & Fatimah, S. (2025). Compensation and employee performance: mediation of work motivation. Enrichment: Journal of Management, 15(1), 122–134.

Supriyanto, A. S., Soetjipto, B. E., & Adi, K. R. (2021). The mediating role of job satisfaction on compensation, work environment, and employee performance: Evidence from Indonesia. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 8(2), 735–750.

Susanto, H., Novani, S., & Ardi, R. (2025). Analysis of Training, Self Efficacy, and Discipline on Employee Performance mediated by Engagement. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 7(1), 15–26.

Susilo, A., Saleh, M., & Sutrisno, E. (2024). Analisis Kinerja Karyawan. repo.darmajaya.ac.id

Syafrudin, O., Junaedi, J., & Maulana, Y. (2024). The Influence Of Transformational Leadership And Work Motivation On Employee Work Discipline. Indonesian Journal Of Business And Economics, 7(1).

Tambunan, R., Siahaan, H., & Manalu, D. (2025). The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction on the Effect of Motivation towards Employee Performance. Society, 13(1), 88–97.

Thapa, R. (2023). The Impact of Compensation towards Employees' Performance: Employees’ Motivation as the Mediating Role. Kathford Journal of Engineering and Management, 6(1), 27–36.

Triansyah, F. A., Crafti, A., & Santoso, Y. (2023). Factors affecting employee performance: A systematic review. Jurnal Manajemen & Filsafat, 5(1), 1–15.

Utari, R. T., Jamaludin, A., & Nandang, N. (2025). The impact of work motivation and work discipline on employee performance in enhancing business performance at PT. Hamatetsu Indonesia. INVEST: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 6(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.55583/invest.v5i2.865

Van den Broeck, A., Carpini, J. A., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2019). Motivation in the workplace: An integrative literature review. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 34(2), 37-75.

Downloads

Published

2026-02-01